Abstract：Given the development of shale bedding in Tonghua, Northeast China, tri-axial compression experiments and P & S wave velocity (vP and vS) tests in two directions are carried out to analyze the variation of elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, vP, and vS of shale in different directions. Relevant experiment data show that the shale anisotropy parameters ε and γ are linearly correlated under different confining pressure and the empirical formula built by linear regression can provide references for their prediction or testing. The anisotropy of favorable reservoir samples is much higher than that of unfavorable ones. As the confining pressure gets higher, both vP and vS increase and ε and γ become smaller. The vP/vS of shale is positively correlated to density and therefore negatively to total organic carbon (TOC). The vP/vS of favorable re-servoirs with high TOC is much lower than 1. 7, while the ratio of unfavorable reservoirs with low TOC is higher than this value, which can be taken as a marker to distinguish unfavorable reservoirs. With the increase in porosity, the elastic modulus of shale parallel to the bedding direction rises but declines vertical to the bedding direction. Our fin-dings can lay a foundation for the seismic quantitative prediction of shale brittleness and sweet spots.
马霄一, 李呈呈, 白俊, 马中高. 基于超声测试的页岩岩石物理特征分析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2021, 56(4): 801-808.
MA Xiaoyi, LI Chengcheng, BAI Jun, MA Zhonggao. Analysis of physical characteristics of shale rock based on ultrasonic testing. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2021, 56(4): 801-808.
Wang Z. Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocks,part 2:Laboratory data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1423-1440.
[2]
Vernik L,Nur A. Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):727-735.
[3]
Vernik L,Liu X. Velocity anisotropy in shales:A petro physical study[J].Geophysics,1997,62(2):521-532.
[4]
Sierra R,Tran M H,Abousleiman Y N,et al. Woodford shale mechanical properties and the impacts of lithofacies[C].The 44th American Rock Mechanics Symposium,Salt Lake City,2010.
[5]
Prasad M,Mba K,McEvoy T E,et al. Maturity and impedance analysis of organic-rich shales[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2011,14(5):533-543.
[6]
金吉能,潘仁芳,王鹏,等. 地震多属性反演预测页岩总有机碳含量[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(11):68-72.JIN Jineng,PAN Renfang,WANG Peng,et al. Seismic multi-attribute inversion to predict total organic carbon content in shale[J].Journal of Oil and Gas,2012,34(11):68-72.
[7]
尹俊,严文芬,林琳,等. 涪陵地区大安寨段优质泥页岩地震预测[J].断块油气田,2015,22(3):335-337.YIN Jun,YAN Wenfen,LIN Lin,et al. Seismic prediction of quality mud shale of Daanzhai Formation in Fuling area[J].Fault Block Oil & Gas Field,2015,22(3):335-337.
[8]
伍宇明,兰恒星,黄为清. 龙马溪页岩弹性各向异性与矿物分布之间的关系探讨[J].地球物理学报,2020,63(5):1856-1866.WU Yuming,LAN Hengxing,HUANG Weiqing. Discussion on the relationship between elastic aniso-tropy and mineral distribution of Longmaxi shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2020,63(5):1856-1866.
[9]
王鑫朋,关富佳,刘海鹏等. 川东龙马溪组页岩渗透率各向异性及应力敏感性实验研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2019,19(26):174-177.WANG Xinpeng,GUAN Fujia,LIU Haipeng,et al. Experimental study on permeability anisotropy and stress sensibility of shale of Longmaxi in East Sichuan[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2019,19(26):174-177.
[10]
袁和义,陈平. 基于波速测量的龙马溪组页岩的各向异性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(5):1200-1205.YUAN Heyi,CHEN Ping. Study on Longmaxi formation shale anisotropy based on acoustic wave velo-city measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(5):1200-1205.
[11]
Vernik L,Milovac J. Rock physics of organic shales[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(3):318-323.
[12]
Thomsen L. Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophy-sics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[13]
周枫,刘卫华,奚相. 四川盆地龙马溪组页岩各向异性影响因素[J].地质学刊,2016,40(4):583-588.ZHOU Feng,LIU Weihua,XI Xiang. Influencing factors of shale anisotropy for Longmaxi Formation shale in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Geology,2016,40(4):583-588.
[14]
Johnston J E,Christensen N I. Seismic anisotropy of shales[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B4):5991-6003.
[15]
Sondergeld C H,Chandra S R. Elastic anisotropy of shales[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(3):324-331.
[16]
李海亮,张丽萍,王海龙,等. 利用"两宽一高"地震资料预测深层储层[J].石油地球物理勘探,2020,55(增刊):80-84.LI Hailiang, ZHANG Liping, WANG Hailong,et al. Predicting deep reservoirs with "2W1H" seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2020,55(S):80-84.
[17]
李昂,张丽艳,杨建国,等. 宽方位地震OVT域方位各向异性校正技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2021,56(1):62-68.LI Ang,ZHANG Liyan,YANG Jianguo,et al. Analysis and processing technology of azimuth anisotropy in OVT domain of wide-azimuth seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2021,56(1):62-68.
[18]
谢剑勇,魏建新,狄帮让,等. 页岩各向异性参数间关系及其影响因素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(6):1141-1145.XIE Jianyong,WEI Jianxin,DI Bangrang,et al. Correlation of shale anisotropic parameters and their influence factors[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(6):1141-1145.
[19]
Yan F Y,Han D H,Yao Q L. Oil shale anisotropy measurement and sensitivity analysis[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-5.
[20]
王迪,张益明,刘志斌,等. AVO定量解释模版在LX地区致密气"甜点"预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2020,59(6):936-948.WANG Di,ZHANG Yiming,LIU Zhibin,et al.Application of an AVO template to identify sweet spots in a tight sandstone reservoir in the LX area[J].Geophy-sical Prospecting for Petroleum,2020,59(6):936-948.
[21]
李久娣.东海西湖N区块致密砂岩气藏甜点预测研究[J].石油物探,2019,58(3):444-452.LI Jiudi."Sweetspot" prediction of a tight sandstone gas reservoir in the N Block in Xihu Sag,China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2019,58(3):444-452.
