Abstract：Based on 3D seismic data, seismic steering of horizontal wells provides target prediction, trend prediction, and risk warning for drilling engineering by integrating data on geology, logging, and real-time geological evaluation while drilling. In other words, it provides both target-entering steering (predicting the buried depth of target formations) and horizontal drilling steering (predicting formation dip angles, small faults, and micro-amplitude structures). Due to the different geologi-cal characteristics of unconventional reservoirs, the difficulties or emphases in seismic steering of horizontal wells are also different. Seismic steering of horizontal wells of marine shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan region and that of tight oil in the Quan-4 Formation of Songliao Basin were studied as examples. Owing to the wide distribution, thin box, and good stratification of the shales, the difficulties and emphases in seismic steering of the shale wells were accurate predictions of the buried depth of target formations, formation dip angles, small faults, and micro-amplitude structures. In contrast, the tight sandstones were relatively thick and the precision requirements for the buried depth of target formations, formation dip angles, small faults, and micro-amplitude structures in seismic steering of these wells were relatively low. The main reasons for the horizontal wells to be drilled into other formations were the complex superimposed relationships of sand bodies and rapid lateral changes. Therefore, the difficulties and emphases in seismic steering of these wells were accurate predictions of the channel sands. In this paper, a geological model was built through an analysis of reservoir geological characteristics and with drilling examples, the key problems in seismic steering of different reservoirs were analyzed in detail. In view of the characteristics of real-time drilling of horizontal wells, the dynamic seismic exploration theory was applied to establish a "dynamic speed" and ultimately to continuously improve the accuracy of the seismic data in the depth domain and to solve the key problems in seismic steering of shale gas. "Dynamic attributes" were also established, which was aimed at continuously improving the prediction accuracy of tight sand bodies and solving the key problems in seismic steering of tight oil. These methods can help improve the efficiency of horizontal drilling and the drilling ratio at sweet spots.
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