Identification technology for internal structures of carbonate fault-karst and its application
CHANG Shaoying1,2, ZENG Jianhui1, XU Xuhui3, CAO Peng2, CUI Yuyao1, LI Tao4
1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China; 2. Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Pe-troChina, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China; 3. Geophysical Research Institute, SINOPEC, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, China; 4. BGP Intl., CNPC, Zhuozhou, Hebei 072751, China
Abstract：Carbonate fault-karst is an important new type of carbonate trap discovered in recent years. The difficulty in identifying the internal structures of fault-karst, however, has been restricting the full exploration of reserve potential, the efficient development of oil reservoirs, and the improvement of the success rate of new wells put into production. Conventional methods for fracture detection such as coherence, curvature, and ant tracking mainly characterize the distribution characteristics of fractures, which cannot well describe the external outline and internal structural characteristics of fault-karst traps. In addition, seismic reflection characteristic analysis is an important technical means to identify the internal structural characteri-stics of fault-karst. Firstly, by the actural seismic data, a fault-karst geological model was built based on the pattern of 'adjacent rock/fractured zone/main fractured zone of oil sources/fractured zone/adjacent rock’, and the seismic response characteristics of each zone were analyzed. The consistency in the seismic reflection phase at the top of fault-karst was utilized to remove the reflection waveform influence from overlying formation and highlight the reservoir characteristics of weak reflection amplitude energy of fault-karst. Then, the external outline of the fault-karst system was identified by using the gradient attributes of the orthogonal composite tensor. Finally, the data free from the influence of overlying formation waveforms was employed for waveform indication inversion, and with the tensor gradient attribute as a constraint, the inversion data volume that can characterize the external contour and internal structural characteristics of fault-karst could obtain. The practical application of the research provide important technical support for suggestions including the selection of efficient wells, the exploration of fault-karst with remaining oil potential, enhanced oil recovery, and the implementation of measure wells. Therefore, the research has a great value of applicability.
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