Abstract：In seismic exploration, the quality of seismic data acquisition is highly related to the explosive charge. Charge selection requires comprehensive demonstration by theoretical research and field tests. After single-borehole well cylindrical explosive is excited, wavelet energy distribution in various directions near the source is not uniform, resulting in the complexity of charge design. This study starts with collecting samples (soil samples) from the surface layer of the M area in western China and building five typical physical models by petrophysical parameter tests. Then, the wavelet fields in each model generated by excitation with the three commonly used explosives of trinitrotoluene (TNT), high-density ammonium nitrate, and ammonium ladder at different charges are simulated in the light of the explosion theory. An objective function based on excitation efficiency for charge design is proposed according to the spatial distribution ranges of effective energy and potential noise energy near the source. Furthermore, the optimal excitation charges for the three commonly used explosives in five typical lithologies of loess, limestone, igneous rock, mudstone, and sandstone are calculated theoretically. The validity and reliability of the proposed design method are confirmed by the outcome data of the charge tests conducted in the M area of Tarim.
HEELAN P A. Radiation from a cylindrical source of finite length[J]. Geophysics，1953，18(3)：685-696.
[2]
李庆忠. 地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，1997，32(6)：751-783.LI Qingzhong. Some mistaken conceopts in high-re-solution seismic exploration and the corresponding countermeasures[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，1997，32(6)：751-783.
[3]
钱绍瑚，刘江平，谷永兴，等. 炸药震源爆炸机制及激发条件的研究[J]. 石油物探，1998，37(3)：1-14，33.QIAN Shaohu，LIU Jiangping，GU Yongxing，et al. The research on the explosive mechanism and excitation condition of dynamite source[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum，1998，37(3)：1-14，33.
[4]
刘树田. 地震勘探中炸药震源药型选择问题研究[J]. 石油物探，1999，38(4)：66-73.LIU Shutian. Research on the problem of dynamite type selection in seismic prospecting[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum，1999，38(4)：66-73.
[5]
钱荣钧. 炸药震源激发效果分析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(6)：583-588.QIAN Rongjun. Analysis of explosive effects of dynamite source[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2003，38(6)：583-588.
[6]
BLAIR D P. A comparison of Heelan and exact solutions for seismic radiation from a short cylindrical charge[J]. Geophysics，2007，72(2)：E33-E41.
[7]
蔡纪琰.近地表条件下爆炸震源有效激发方法研究[D].山东青岛：中国石油大学(华东)，2013.CAI Jiyan. Study on Effective Excitation of Explosion Source with Near-surface Consideration[D]. China University of Petroleum(East China)，Qingdao，Shandong，2013.
[8]
于鲁洋，王益民，田钢.砂岩中炸药震源不同激发参数数值模拟研究[C]. 浙江省信号处理学会2015学术年会论文集，2015，245-253.YU Luyang，WANG Yimin，TIAN Gang. Numerical simulation of different excitation parameters of explosive source in sandstone[C]. Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference of Zhejiang Signal Processing Society，2015,245-253.
[9]
冯晓强，朱峰，石一青，等. 复杂地区高精度三维采集方法应用及效果[J]. 石油物探，2021，60(增刊1)：42-53.FENG Xiaoqiang，ZHU Feng，SHI Yiqing，et al. Application and analysis of the effect of high-precision three-dimensional acquisition in complex areas[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum，2021，60(S1)：42-53.
[10]
徐谦，王仲琦. 轴向分布式药包激发地震波场模型[J]. 爆炸与冲击，2021，41(7)：48-57.XU Qian，WANG Zhongqi. Model of seismic wave field excited by axially distributed explosive[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves，2021，41(7)：48-57.
[11]
罗兴柏，张玉令，丁玉奎. 爆炸力学理论教程[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2016.
[12]
宁建国，马天宝. 计算爆炸力学[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2015.
[13]
门建兵，蒋建伟，王树有. 爆炸冲击数值模拟技术基础[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社，2015.
[14]
HALLQUIST J O. LS-DYNA3D Theoretical Manual [M].LSTC，Livermore，1998.
徐峰，刘福烈，梁向豪. 基于相控理论的炮点组合设计技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2011，46(2)：170-175.XU Feng，LIU Fulie，LIANG Xianghao. A method for source array design based on the phased-array theo-ry[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2011，46(2)：170-175.
[17]
王卫华. 纵波勘探中的炸药激发方式分析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，1999，34(3)：249-259.WANG Weihua. Analysis of dynamite source pattern in compressional wave exploration[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，1999，34(3)：249-259.
