Abstract:The interference waves in the seismic records of loess tableland areas with complex surface conditions are of various types. In particular, the kind of interference wave commonly known as "handlebar mustache" seriously affects effective reflected waves and is difficult to remove in subsequent processing. Studying the formation mechanism and the type of this interference wave can provide a basis for the design of a data acquisition scheme in the early stage and the formulation of a processing flow for subsequent denoising (of this interference wave). This paper starts with analyzing the frequency, energy, traveltime-distance curve, and velocity of the "handlebar mustache" interference wave in the seismic records, concluding that it is a refracted wave and its wavefield is likely to be one of a shear wave. Since this interference wave is an upgoing wave in the field seismic record and vertical seismic profile (VSP) observation can record its downgoing wave, it is determined to be a pure shear wave by analyzing the polarization, source, and frequency of the wavefield of the corresponding downgoing wave in the VSP record of the area. Further verification by actual Walkaway VSP records and off-line near-spread simulation records is conducted, and the "handlebar mustache" interfe-rence wave is determined to be a purely shear refracted wave.
闫有平, 赵军才, 胡亚东, 高峻, 谭勇, 王云朋. 应用VSP观测的黄土塬地面地震干扰波研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2022, 57(5): 1046-1056.
YAN You-ping, ZHAO Juncai, HU Yadong, GAO Jun, TAN Yong, WANG Yunpeng. Study of surface seismic interference wave in loess tableland based on VSP observation. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57(5): 1046-1056.
李敏杰,刘玉增,孟祥顺,等. 陕北富县黄土塬区三维地震资料处理技术[J]. 石油物探,2012,51(3):285-291.LI Minjie,LIU Yuzeng,MENG Xiangshun,et al. 3D seismic data processing technique for loess table land area,In Fuxian,North Shaanxi Province[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):285-291.
[2]
郭红启,林明强,陆昌平,等. 民和盆地黄土塬区地震采集技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):1-4.GUO Hongqi,LIN Mingqiang,LU Changping,et al. Seismic acquisition technique in loess plateau of Minhe basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S1):1-4.
[3]
刘保国,刘忠群,杜春江,等. 黄土塬三维地震数据采集技术[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2017.LIU Baoguo,LIU Zhongqun,DU Chunjiang,et al. 3D Seismic Data Acquisition Technology in Loess Plateau[M]. Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,2017.
[4]
任士房,刘争平,熊自英,等. 声电效应在隧道地震波场物理模拟实验中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):2240-2247.REN Shifang,LIU Zhengping,XIONG Ziying,et al. An application of seismoelectric effect to the tunnel seismic modelling[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):2240-2247.
[5]
向旻,帕尔哈提,张峰玮. 基于两种时频分析的裂缝性地层阵列声波测井信号时频特征[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(4):849-857.XIANG Min,PAERHATI,ZHANG Fengwei. Array acoustic logging's characteristics in fractured formations based on the time-frequency domain analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(4):849-857.
[6]
LEHNE K A,ALTUNBAY M,KELDER O,et al. Comparison between Stoneley,Nmr,and Core-derived permeabilities[C]. SPWLA 40th Annual Logging Symposium,1999,SPWLA-1999-TT.
[7]
胡自多,贺振华,王西文,等. 无射线追踪层析静校正技术在黄土塬区的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):94-100.HU Ziduo,HE Zhenhua,WANG Xiwen,et al. Application of non ray-tracing tomography static correction technique in Loess Plateau[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):94-100.
[8]
胡自多,张小美,王述江,等.起伏地表无射线追踪层析静校正技术研究及应用[C]. 2010年国际石油地球物理技术交流会论文集,2010,77-82,89.HU Ziduo,ZHANG Xiaomei,WANG Shujiang,et al. Research and application of non-ray tracing tomographic static correction technology on undulating surface[C]. Proceedings of the 2010 International Petroleum Geophysical Technology Exchange Confe-rence,2010,77-82,89.
[9]
刘明乾,于相海,周夏丽,等. 非纵测线地震资料相干噪声压制[J]. 石油物探,2011,50(3):307-309,318.LIU Mingqian,YU Xianghai,ZHOU Xiali,et al. Coherent noise attenuation in broadside seismic data[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(3):307-309,318.
[10]
陈超群,田媛媛,高秦,等. 基于随机函数数据重构的分频异常振幅衰减技术在巨厚黄土塬区的应用[J]. 石油物探,2019,58(5):741-749.CHEN Chaoqun,TIAN Yuanyuan,GAO Qin,et al. Frequency-division abnormal amplitude attenuation after data reconstruction based on random function and its application in the very thick loess tableland area,Ordos Basin[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2019,58(5):741-749.
[11]
杨城增,冯永强,童庆佳,等. 加减法去噪技术压制线性干扰——以鄂尔多斯黄土塬地震资料为例[J]. 物探与化探,2015,39(4):830-836.YANG Chengzeng,FENG Yongqiang,TONG Qingjia,et al. The addition-subtraction method for removing linear noise:A case study of the seismic data in Ordos Loess plateau[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,39(4):830-836.
[12]
牛中宁,童庆佳,刘宁,等. 基于数据重组的反向线性噪声压制方法及效果[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):32-37,44.NIU Zhongning,TONG Qingjia,LIU Ning,et al. Reverse linear noise suppression based on data reconstruction[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):32-37,44.
[13]
窦伟坦,杜玉斌,于波,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区非纵三维地震勘探采集技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):844-850.DOU Weitan,DU Yubin,YU Bo,et al. Off-line 3D seismic acquisition in Jiyuan,Erdos Basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):844-850.
[14]
李庆忠. 论地震次生干扰(续)——兼论困难工区地震记录的改进方向[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,1983,18(4):295-314.LI Qingzhong. On seismic secondary interference (continued)——also on the improvement direction of seismic records in difficult work areas[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1983,18(4):295-314.
[15]
张亚斌,李锋,陈从希,等. 旬邑—宜君三维老资料重新处理主要技术探讨[J]. 复杂油气藏,2020,13(1):34-41.ZHANG Yabin,LI Feng,CHEN Congxi,et al. Main techniques for reprocessing Xunyi-Yijun 3D old data[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2020,13(1):34-41.
[16]
赵海英,齐聪伟,陈沅忠,等. 基于VSP的地震层位综合标定方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(增刊1):84-92.ZHAO Haiying,QI Congwei,CHEN Yuanzhong,et al. Seismic horizon calibration based on VSP data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(S1):84-92.
闫有平,顾春桥,高峻. 井中地震勘探技术和仪器的最新发展[J]. 物探装备,2003,13(1):1-6.YAN Youping,GU Chunqiao,GAO Jun. Up-to-date development of techniques and instrument of borehole seismic exploration[J]. Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2003,13(1):1-6.
[21]
陆基孟. 地震勘探原理[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1982.
[22]
金旭浩,卢文波,田勇,等.岩石爆破过程S波的产生机制分析[J]. 岩土力学,2011,32(增刊 2):228-232.JIN Xuhao,LU Wenbo,TIAN Yong,et al. Analysis on the generation mechanism of S-wave in rock blasting process[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S2):228-232.
[23]
HEELANPA P A. Radiation from a cylindrical source of finite length[J]. Geophysics,1953,18(3):685-696.
[24]
肖梅.三分量地震极化滤波与波场分离方法研究[D].陕西西安:长安大学,2005.XIAO Mei. Research on Three-component Seismic Polarization Filtering and Wavefield Separation Me-thod[D]. Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi,2005.
[25]
陈伟.微地震波场分离技术研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.CHEN Wei. The Study of Micro-seismic Wave Field Separation Technology[D]. China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong,2009.
[26]
徐胜峰,刘洋,刘春园.极化分析在三分量噪声衰减中的应用研究[C]. 中国地球物理学会第二十一届年会论文集,2005,72.XU Shengfeng,LIU Yang,LIU Chunyuan. Application of polarization analysis in three-component noise attenuation[C]. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Chinese Geophysical Society,2005,72.
[27]
张晓明.非零井源距VSP资料处理方法研究[D].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.ZHANG Xiaoming. Research of Offset VSP Data Processing Methods[D]. Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong,2010.
[28]
张大伟,孙赞东,王学军,等. VSP处理中标量波场分离方法比较分析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):27-31.ZHANG Dawei,SUN Zandong,WANG Xuejun,et al. Comparison and analysis of scalar wavefield separation in VSP processing[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(S1):27-31.
[29]
吕公河,张庆淮,段卫星,等. 黄土塬地区地震勘探采集技术[J]. 石油物探,2001,40(2):84-91,8.LV Gonghe,ZHANG Qinghuai,DUAN Weixing,et al. Seismic acquisition in Loess Yuan Areas[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(2):84-91,8.
[30]
陈策,王刚,倪根生,等. 利用Walkaway VSP技术预测川西北深层碳酸盐岩储层[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(增刊2):70-76.CHEN Ce,WANG Gang,NI Gensheng,et al. Deep carbonate reservoir prediction in the Northwest Sichuan with Walkaway VSP data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(S2):70-76.
[31]
王坤喜,毛伟建,张庆臣,等. 同时震源数据的直接反演分离[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2020,55(1):17-28.WANG Kunxi,MAO Weijian,ZHANG Qingchen,et al. A direct inversion method for deblending simultaneous-source data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2020,55(1):17-28.
[32]
宋家文,李培明,王文闯,等. 基于稀疏反演的高效混采数据分离方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(2):268-273.SONG Jiawen,LI Peiming,WANG Wenchuang,et al. High-productivity blended acquired data separation by sparse inversion[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(2):268-273.
[33]
黄少华,任志明,李振春,等. 纵横波分离的多震源弹性波全波形反演[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(5):1084-1093,1105.HUANG Shaohua,REN Zhiming,LI Zhenchun,et al. Multi-source elastic full waveform inversion based on P-wave and S-wave separation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(5):1084-1093,1105.
[34]
HUO S,LUO Y,KELAMIS P G. Simultaneous sources separation via multi-directional vector-median filter[J]. Geophysics,2012,77(4):V123-V131.