Prestack data attenuation compensation based on L1-norm regularization constraint
CHENG Wanli1,2,3, WANG Shoudong1,2,3, MENG Jinyu4, WANG Zixu1,2,3, ZHANG Junjie1,2,3
1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; 2. CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; 3. National Engineering Laboratory for Offshore Oil Exploration, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract：Due to the absorption of the subsurface medium, seismic waves experience energy attenuation, waveform distortion, and frequency band narrowing during propagation, which severely reduces the resolution of seismic data. Meanwhile, the absorption effect of formations changes with the propagation path for prestack seismic wave, which distorts the amplitude variation with angle (AVA) reflection characteristics of the seismic data. Therefore, this paper considers the influence of the ray path on the attenuation compensation and proposes an attenuation compensation method for prestack data. Firstly, the forward modeling formula of prestack gathers in the attenuation medium is deduced on the assumption of a horizontally stratified medium. Then, the attenuation compensation is simplified to an inverse problem, and the L1-norm regularization constraint is imposed. Finally, the optimal solution is obtained by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to achieve the attenua-tion compensation for prestack data. Numerical tests show that the proposed method can compensate for the amplitude and phase and recover the AVA reflection characteristics of prestack gathers. The comparison with the poststack compensation and the conventional prestack inverse-Q filtering method shows that the proposed method has higher precision, stronger stability, and more remarkable noise immunity. The Q-sensitivity analysis experiments illustrate that the method can also maintain high compensation precision with the help of the low-frequency Q model, and it is insensitive to the Q model. The processing results of measured data also reveal that the proposed method can improve the resolution of prestack gathers and effectively restore their AVA reflection characteristics, which provides a basis for high-precision prestack seismic inversion.
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