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| Division of distributary sandbar-type shallow-water delta facies belts based on low-angle progradation seismic reflection characteristics |
| ZHOU Kun |
| Shengli Geophysical Research Institute of SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257022, China |
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Abstract The distribution of drilling in the Z6 block is non-uniform, and the target reservoir is composed of complex sandstone and mudstone with similar wave impedance characteristics. Therefore, for the region with few wells on the west side of the Z6 block, it is difficult to analyze the distribution characteristics of favorable sedimentary facies belts and accurately characterize the sand body boundaries. Relying solely on seismic reflection amplitude characteristics makes it challenging to distinguish sandstone from mudstone, and conventional post-stack seismic inversion techniques are ineffective in predicting reservoir distribution. Thus, a sedimentary model with its forward modeling suitable for the Z6 block is established based on three-dimensional(3D) seismic and drilling data, coupled with previous studies on the sedimentary characteristics of the shallow-water delta. Through analysis of the seismic response characteristics of sand bodies and seismic attribute optimization, the favorable reservoir distribution is predicted. The following findings are obtained:① The influence of low-angle progradation or lateral accretion on the seismic waveform of the underlying strata is the key to determining the boundary of sand bodies. This approach is suitable for delineating the sedimentary facies belts of the distributary sandbar-type shallow-water delta, and it is critical for predicting the extension range of the favorable reservoir during the exploration phase. ②Instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency attributes more clearly depict the distributary sandbar and the boundary between the distributary channel bays compared with traditional amplitude-type attributes, especially the instantaneous phase attribute, which is not affected by amplitude and is sensitive to phase changes in geological bodies such as lithologic pinchout. ③ Near the source direction, the sand bodies are significantly controlled by distributary channels, exhibiting a linear feature, while near the center of the lake, the sand bodies are obviously affected by the lake wave, exhibiting lump-shaped and lobeshaped features. This study shows that under the guidance of the sedimentary model, the distribution of the distributary sandbar predicted by seismic attribute analysis and the characteristics of sandstone and mudstone revealed by drilling data match well in the case of few wells. Furthermore, the sand body boundaries of the distributary sandbartype shallow-water delta can be reasonably depicted through effective seismic attribute analysis.
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Received: 17 May 2022
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2023, Vol. 58 
