Abstract：Conventional seismic data processing methods have various disadvantages，such as window effect，poor energy focusing performance，and mutual restriction between resolution and signal-to-noise ratio，that limit their processing ability. For this reason， a new high-resolution processing method is proposed on the basis of expounding the basic principle of the matching pursuit algorithm and the construction method for relative-amplitude-preserving amplitude-versus-frequency (AVF) profiles. The proposed technology starts with decomposing the signal and constructing a relative-amplitude-preserving AVF profile. Then，energy is redistributed in the time-frequency spectrum to highlight the high-frequency component of the original data. The spectral value of each time-frequency atom at a given frequency determines the contribution of the atom. Finally，the seismic signal is reconstructed in an amplitude-preserving manner. The actual data processing results show that after reconstruction，the seismic signal obtains a more prominent dominant frequency，a wider frequency band，and a relatively improved resolution，which indicates that the proposed processing method improves the ability to identify small geological bodies with seismic data and paves the way for subsequent reservoir identification and fluid detection.
凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究[J].石油地球物理勘探，2004，39(4): 435-442.LING Yun Research Group. Study of seismic re-solution limit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2004，39(4): 435-442.
[2]
王延光，李皓，李国发，等. 一种用于薄层和薄互层砂体厚度估算的复合地震属性[J]. 石油地球物理勘探， 2020，55(1): 153-160.WANG Yanguang，LI Hao，LI Guofa，et al. A composite seismic attribute used to estimate the sand thickness for thin bed and thin interbed[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2020，55(1): 153-160.
[3]
杨春生，姜岩，宋宝权，等. 小河道薄砂层井震联合识别技术及应用——以大庆长垣西部AGL地区为例[J].石油地球物理勘探，2022，57(1): 159-167.YANG Chunsheng，JIANG Yan，SONG Baoquan，et al. Recognition technology integrating logging and seismic data for thin sand reservoir in narrow channel and its application: Taking the AGL area in western Daqing placanticline as an example[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2022，57(1): 159-167.
[4]
周家雄，张国栋. 地震谱分解方法在低阻油层储层预测中应用[J].地球物理学进展，2017，32(5): 2168-2175.ZHOU Jiaxiong，ZHANG Guodong. Application of spectral decomposition in low resistivity reservoir prediction[J]. Progress in Geophysics，2017，32(5): 2168-2175.
[5]
PARTYKA G，GRIDLEY J，LOPEZ J. Interpretational applications of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J]. The Leading Edge，1999，18(3): 353-360.
[6]
GABOR D. Theory of communication[J]. Journal on Institution of Electrical Engineering，1946，93(26): 429-457.
[7]
CHAKRABORTY A，OKAYA D. Frequency-time decomposition of seismic data using wavelet-based methods[J]. Geophysics，1995，60(6): 1906-1916.
[8]
朱振宇，高佳伦，姜秀娣，等. 基于三参数小波的频谱分解方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2018，53(6): 1299-1306.ZHU Zhenyu，GAO Jialun，JIANG Xiudi，et al. Spectrum decomposition based on three-parameter wavelet[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2018，53(6): 1299-1306.
[9]
STOCKWELL R G，MANSINHA L，LOWE R P. Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing，1996，44(4): 998-1001.
[10]
MANSINHA L，STOCKWELL R G，LOWE R P. Pattern analysis with two-dimensional spectral localisation: Applications of two-dimensional S transforms[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications，1997，239(1-3): 286-295.
[11]
MALLAT S G，ZHANG Z F.Matching pursuit with time-frequency dictionaries[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing，1993，41(12): 3397-3415.
张繁昌，刘汉卿，代荣获. 基于Ricker子波的指数追踪地震信号分解算法[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2016，45(1): 78-82.ZHANG Fanchang，LIU Hanqing，DAI Ronghuo. Exponential pursuit algorithm based on Ricker wavelet for seismic signal decomposition[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology，2016，45(1): 80-82.
[14]
ZHANG T Q，LI X Y，MARK C.Estimating frequencydependent seismic attributes by matching pursuit: a case study[C]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts，2008，27: 3023-3027.
[15]
冯磊，姜在兴. 基于匹配追踪的谱分解方法及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展，2009，32(1): 33-36.FENG Lei，JIANG Zaixing. Spectral decomposition based on matching pursuit and its application[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics，2009，32(1): 33-36.
[16]
黄捍东，郭飞，王佳蓓，等.高精度地震时频谱分解方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探，2012，47(5): 773-780.HUANG Handong，GUO Fei，WANG Jiabei，et al. High precision seismic time-frequency spectrum decomposition method and its application[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2012，47(5): 773-780.
[17]
宋维琪，朱卫星，孙英杰. 复数子波匹配追踪算法识别薄层砂体[J].地球物理学进展，2007，22(6): 1796-1801.SONG Weiqi，ZHU Weixing，SUN Yingjie. Identify bed layer sandbody by complex wavelet matching algorithm[J]. Progress in Geophysics，2007，22(6): 1796-1801.
[18]
张繁昌，李传辉，印兴耀. 三角洲砂岩尖灭线的地震匹配追踪瞬时谱识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探，2012，47(1): 82-88.ZHANG Fanchang，LI Chuanhui，YIN Xingyao. Delta fringe line recognition based on seismic matching pursuit instantaneous spectral characteristics[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting，2012，47(1): 82-88.
[19]
张繁昌，李传辉. 匹配追踪保幅地震AVF剖面及同频率剖面的构建[J]. 石油物探，2013，52(3): 234-239.ZHANG Fanchang，LI Chuanhui.Amplitude-preserved AVF and isofrequency section construction based on seismic matching pursuit[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum，2013，52(3): 234-239.
[20]
张春梅，尹忠科，肖明霞.基于冗余字典的信号超完备表示与稀疏分解[J].科学通报，2006，51(6): 628-633.ZHANG Chunmei，YIN Zhongke，XIAO Mingxia. Sparse decomposition of signal over-complete representation based on redundant dictionary[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin，2006，51(6): 628-633.
[21]
许璐，吴笑荷，张明振，等. 基于局部频率约束的动态匹配追踪强反射识别与分离方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探，2019，54(3): 587-595.XU Lu，WU Xiaohe，ZHANG Mingzhen，et al. Strong reflection identification and separation based on the local-frequency-constrained dynamic matching pursuit[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting，2019，54(3): 587-595.
