Abstract：Uphole based on hammer excitation and receiving with multi-stage geophones in a well is a safe and economical method of surface structure investigation,which has been widely used in the surface structure velocity survey. However,due to the factors of time difference of excitation delay,inconsistency of excitation wavelet,and influence of surface excitation noise,it cannot be directly used in near-surface Q-value survey. In this paper,on the basis of the commonly used uphole observation system using hammer excitation and receiving signals with multi-stage geophones in a well,a delay correction geophone is arranged on wellhead to correct the delay time difference of different shot records, and a pair of repeating geophones are set at the junction of receiving ranges of adjacent shots to eliminate excitation wavelet inconsistency. The Q-value estimation method based on centroid frequency shift can eliminate the impact of noise on the variations of centroid frequency of the first arrival wave and variance with depth through the polynomial fitting reflecting the variations of centroid frequency of the first arrival waves received at different depths and variance with depth, which improves Q-value calculation accuracy. The result analysis of forward modeling and the application to the real data of the Tarim desert area show that the results of the proposed method are close to the Q-values from modeling and calculation with the empirical formula. The near-surface absorption compensation is carried out,which effectively improves the resolution of the seismic profile.
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