1. Geophysical Research Institute, BGP Inc., CNPC, Zhuozhou, Hebei 072750, China; 2. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
Abstract：At present, the development of low-efficiency production layers such as shale and tight oil & gas re-servoirs is mainly realized by horizontal well drilling. However, when small and medium-sized faults are encountered during the drilling, engineering accidents such as collapse, sticking, and leakage are easy to occur, which will seriously affect development efficiency. Therefore, the accurate prediction of fault distribution is an urgent problem to be solved in production. According to the knowledge of the characteristics of velocity, amplitude, travel time, and other parameters in the propagation of seismic waves in different directions in HTI media, the conventional method uses partial azimuth stacking data of vertical fracture strikes for fault identification. However, the fault strikes of complex structural zones are complex and changeable, and the conventional azimuth stacking method cannot ensure the gathers are perpendicular to all faults. Therefore, we propose to use the gather data of “wide azimuth, broadband, and high density (WBH)” for OVT domain migration processing. The azimuth gather corresponding to each underground point most affected by a fault is adaptively extracted according to the changes in velocity, amplitude, and travel time, so as to reconstruct the dominant azimuth seismic data volume of the fracture. The gathers (or stacking data) perpendicular to the fault strike can be applied to the complex fracture development areas with multiple stages and directions, and lead to a smaller scale and richer details of fracture characterization, as well as higher accuracy in fault prediction. The predictions can provide a basis for horizontal well guidance and fracturing design.
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