Abstract:The spectral ratio method is currently one of the most commonly used Q factor estimation me-thods. When seismic data contains noise interfe-rence,the spectral ratio method has poor stability and the estimation result depends on the selected frequency band. This is because equal weights are used in the Q factor estimation by the spectral ratio method when the least-squares method is employed to fit a straight line. As a result, the fitting results are greatly affected by the abnormal values in the low and high frequency regions. To improve the stability of the spectral ratio method and reduce its dependence on the selection of frequency bands, this paper proposes the weighted spectral ratio method for Q factor estimation. During least-squares fitting, a Gaussian function is introduced as a weighting factor to reduce the weighting coefficients of signals with low signal-to-noise ratios. The peak frequency and variance of the Gaussian function are the centroid frequency and variance of the source wavelet,respectively. The model test indicates that the weighted spectral ratio method is more stable than the conventional spectral ratio method,and its dependence on frequency band selection is reduced. The application of actual VSP data further proves that the weighted spectral ratio method can estimate the Q factor stably and effectively.
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