沿时距曲线提取与分离噪声的处理技术

doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2022.S2.001

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摘要叠前规则干扰压制是地震资料处理的重要环节。在GeoEast处理系统中，VSP上、下行波分离采用沿时距曲线进行波场分离的技术，即按照下行波时距曲线确定滑动时窗的计算范围，利用多次相关的中值加权或线性预测等方法提取VSP下行波的波场数据，进而用总波场相减得到上行波场。VSP波场分离的过程与地面地震的叠前去噪十分相似，GeoEast-VSP波场分离技术可实现地面地震叠前规则噪声的压制：①通过调整关键道头信息，将地面地震记录改造成VSP模块可处理的记录；②依据规则噪声的时距方程将噪声的波至时间赋于VSP初至；③在给定的炮检距范围和噪声分布的时窗内用VSP波场分离的处理方法提取规则噪声，用自适应相减得到去噪后的地震数据。该方法是时—空域自适应的规则干扰噪声压制技术，可有效地消除地震记录上线性噪声及多次波，适用于叠前炮集、检波点道集、“十字”排列子集、CRP道集等，具有相对保真、保幅的特点。沙漠、戈壁、复杂山地等实际地震资料的应用结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。

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关键词 ： GeoEast处理系统, 叠前去噪, 时距曲线, 波场分离, 规则噪声

Abstract：Prestack regular interference suppression is an important part of seismic data processing. In the GeoEast processing system, the upgoing and downgoing waves in the vertical seismic profile (VSP) data are separated by the technology of wavefield separation along the time-distance curve. In the sliding time window, the calculation range is determined according to the time-distance curve of the downgoing wave. The wavefield of the downgoing wave in the VSP data is extracted by median weighting of multiple correlations or linear prediction. Then, the upgoing wavefield is obtained by subtracting the downgoing wavefield from the total wavefield. The process of VSP wavefield se-paration is highly similar to that of the prestack denoising of surface seismic data. GeoEast-VSP wavefield separation technology can be employed for prestack suppression of the regular noise in surface seismic data. Specifically, key trace header information can be modified to transform the surface seismic record so that it can be processed by the VSP module. Then, the arrival time of the noise is assigned to the first break of the VSP data according to the time-distance equation of the regular noise. Finally, the regular noise is extracted by the processing method based on VSP wavefield separation within the given offset range and the time window with noise distribution, and the denoised seismic data are obtained by the adaptive subtraction method. The proposed method is anadaptive regular interference noise suppression technology in the time-space domain, and it can effectively eliminate the linear noise and multiples in seismic records. This method is suitable for the processing of various data, such as prestack shot gathers, receiver gathers, “cross” spread subsets, and common reflection point (CRP) gathers, and it is characterized by relative fidelity and amplitude preservation. It is further applied to process actual seismic data on deserts, Gobi, and complex mountains, and the results verify its effectiveness and practicability.

Key words： GeoEast processing system prestack denoising time-distance curve wavefield separation regular noise

收稿日期: 2022-03-12

PACS:

P631

基金资助:本项研究受中国石油集团中油国际尼日尔石油公司项目“3D seismic data reprocessing services in block Agadem, Niger”(CNPCNP/10/2021-0091)资助。

通讯作者: 王建华,甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,730020。Email:wang-jh8@petrochina.com.cn E-mail: wang-jh8@petrochina.com.cn

作者简介: 王建华高级工程师,1968年生;1987年毕业于华东师范大学计算机科学系,获计算机应用专业学士学位;2012年获成都理工大学信息工程学院地质工程专业工程硕士学位;现就职于中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,从事地震资料复杂构造成像方法及VSP处理技术研究。

引用本文:

王建华, 谢俊法, 臧胜涛, 潘春孚, 杨维, 程玉胜. 沿时距曲线提取与分离噪声的处理技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2022, 57(s2): 1-8. WANG Jianhua, XIE Junfa, ZANG Shengtao, PAN Chunfu, YANG Wei, CHENG Yusheng. Processing technology of extracting and separating noise along time-distance curve. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57(s2): 1-8.

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