Abstract：The ocean bottom seismic (OBS) acquisition includes two ways of acquisition, i.e.ocean bottom cable (OBC) and ocean bottom node (OBN).Because shot points are located in the sea surface and receivers are placed in the sea bottom, the assumptions of traditional seismic imaging, which is based on the same datum, is no longer adapt to the OBS data.So we propose in the paper the Kirchhoff prestack time migration for ocean bottom seismic data.First the calculation formula of the travel of down-going and up-going waves from reflection points are derived, and graphs show directly the coverage range of their respective common-receiver-point gathers data.Then using the mirror imaging theory as a guidance, the calculation formulas of travel time of down-going and up-going waves for Kirchhoff time migration are given, and conversion methods between imaging time corrections and RMS velocity in the formulas are clearly specified.Finally, the calculation formula of OBS seismic prestack time migration weighted function is described.
耿建华, 董良国, 马在田, 等.海底节点长期地震观测:油气田开发与CO2地质封存过程监测[J].地球科学进展, 2011, 26(6):669-677.GENG Jianhua, DONG Liangguo, MA Zaitian, et al.Ocean bottom nodes time-lapse seismic survey for monitoring oil and gas production and CO2 geological storage[J].Advances in Earth Science, 2011, 26(6):669-677.
[2]
Holloway A, Grant D, Watts G, et al.The future of deepwater ocean bottom seismic:Are flying nodes the next big step?[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2015, 34:115-119.
[3]
Gestel J, Heureux E, Sandschaper J.Atlantis "Beyond 4D" ocean bottom nodes acquisition design[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2015, 34:125-129.
[4]
Sergio G, Russell E.Mirror imaging of OBS data[J].First Break, 2007, 25(11):37-42.
[5]
White J E, Lindsay R B.Seismic waves:Radiation, transmission, and attenuation[J].Physics Today, 1967, 20(2):74-75.
[6]
Godfrey R J, Kristiansen P, Armstrong B, et al.Imaging the Foinaven ghost[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1998, 17:1333-1355.
[7]
Ebrom D, Li X, Sukup D.Facilitating technologies for permanently instrumented oil fields[J].The Leading Edge, 2000, 19(3):282-285.
[8]
Ronen S, Comeaux L, and Miao X G.Imaging downgoing waves from ocean bottom stations[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2005, 24:963-967.
[9]
Pica A, Manin M, Granger P Y, et al.3D SRME on OBS data using waveform multiple modelling[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2006, 25:2659-2663.
[10]
Muijs R, Robertsson J O, Holliger K.Prestack depth migration of primary and surface-related multiple reflections, Part Ⅰ:Imaging[J].Geophysics, 2007, 72(2):S59-S69.
[11]
Barr F J, Sanders J I.Attenuation of water-column reverberations using pressure and velocity detectors in a water-bottom cable[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1989, 8:653-656.
程元方, 李素闪, 张文栋, 等.海底电缆资料处理关键技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2017, 52(增刊2):26-31.CHENG Yuanfang, LI Sushan, ZHANG Wendong, et al.Key techniques for OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2017, 52(S2):26-31.
[14]
贺兆全, 张保庆, 刘原英, 等.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2011, 46(4):522-528.HE Zhaoquan, ZHANG Baoqing, LIU Yuanying, et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their application in OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011, 46(4):522-528.
[15]
刘帅, 季晓慧, 卢俊, 等.CPU与GPU协同并行的多分量地震数据各向异性叠前时间偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2019, 54(1):65-72.LIU Shuai, JI Xiaohui, LU Jun, et al.Multi-component anisotropy prestack time migration based on collaborative parallel computing with CPU and GPU[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2019, 54(1):65-72.
[16]
吴丹, 龚仁彬, 王从镔, 等.最小二乘叠前时间偏移在地震数据规则化中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2019, 54(1):36-44.WU Dan, GONG Renbin, WANG Congbin, et al.Seismic data regularization via least-squares prestack time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2019, 54(1):36-44.
[17]
钟广见, 刘大锰, 冯常茂, 等.OBS纵波资料镜像叠前时间偏移处理[J].热带海洋学报, 2014, 33(3):46-51.ZHONG Guangjian, LIU Dameng, FENG Changmao, et al.Mirroring pre-stack time migration processing for OBS P-wave data[J].Journal of Tropical Oceano-graphy, 2014, 33(3):46-51.
[18]
Zhang Y, Gray S, Young J.Exact and approximate weights for Kirchhoff migration[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2000, 19:1036-1039.
[19]
Dellinger J, Gray S, Murphy G, et al.Efficient two and one-half dimensional true-amplitude migration[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1999, 18:1540-1543.
Bleistein N, Cohen J and Stockwell J.Mathematics of Multidimensional Seismic Inversion[R].Summer School in Mathematical Geophysics, Stanford University, 1998.
[22]
Beal E, Salo E, Corcoran C.Lessons from the deep processing ocean bottom seismic data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2014, 33:3679-3684.
[23]
Pacal E, Stewart R, Baysal E, et al.Seismic imaging with ocean-bottom nodes(OBN):mirror migration technique[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2015, 34:4039-4043.
[24]
Alerini M, Traub B.Prestack depth imaging of ocean-bottom node data[J].Geophysics, 2009, 74(6):57-63.
[25]
Muijs R, Robertsson J O, Holliger K.Prestack depth migration of primary and surface-related multiple reflections, Part Ⅱ:Identification and removal of resi-dual multiples[J].Geophysics, 2007, 72(2):71-76.
[26]
Duan Y, Sava P.Elastic reverse-time migration with OBS multiples[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2014, 33:4071-4074.
[27]
Xia G, Clarke R, Etgen J, et al.OBS multiple attenuation with application to the deep water GOM Atlantis OBS nodes data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2006, 25:2654-2658.
[28]
Amundsen L, Ikelle L, Robertsson J, et al.Wavefield decomposition of seabed node marine recordings[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2013, 32:146-150.
[29]
Jiang Z, Yu J, Schuster G T, et al.Migration of multiples[J].The Leading Edge, 2005, 24(3):315-318.
